I was reading a flyer at my local community college that was advertising an art exhibit about AIDS, including "a visual display of portraits of those with AIDS".
"A visual display of portraits". Why not "portraits of those with AIDS"?
Here's an easy way to see if something is redundant: If you can make a smartass comment about "As opposed to the something-else kind of X?", then you've got extra words. For example, "as opposed to the non-visual display of portraits?"
I'll bet those pictures are very graphic.
I can often replace it with "uncertain" in my mind, and the sentence makes no sense, demonstrating that "certain" really wasn't a distinguishing word.
