[I'm writing a new answer for the perlfaq]
You can use the ExtUtils::Installed module to show all installed distributions, although it can take awhile to do its magic. The standard library which comes with Perl just shows up as "Perl" (although you can get those with Mod::CoreList).
use ExtUtils::Installed;
my $inst = ExtUtils::Installed->new(); my @modules = $inst->modules();
use File::Find::Rule;
my @files = File::Find::Rule->file()->name( '*.pm' )->in( @INC );
prompt% perldoc Module::Name